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Culture and Immorality

Understanding the change to the culture and the influence deep in between each community and society in general is what many people lack. As I research how immorality and culture mean to everyone and in the world. Different perspectives, ideas, perceptions can be found. Philosophers argue on if immorality exists in the universe or is it just all that our brains create in order for us to choose sides. Looking more into the depths of culture and its roots, the topic is wide with many factors following through. Moreover, religion was the aspect of choice I have chosen to research. Both national and global perspectives will be used to show how it differs from palace to place.
No one can deny culture is one of the most, if not, the biggest influential things in life that shapes how a person thinks in day-to-day activities (Croucher et al., 2017). Furthermore, it is easy to say that culture is affected by religion. It goes together with these others as both show the characteristics and beliefs of a person in a group (Clark and Hoover, 1997). Culture is fundamentally important, not secondary to human life. While other types show fragmentary cultural learning, human cultural learning is characterized by its high speed, supported by its ability to emulate widely. It is cumulative and facilitated by the sophisticated use of the language (Saucier, 2018). Ethologists tend to refer to various dispersed social learning practices, such as the regularity of playing with the hair and fingers of other individuals, as "culture" (Saucier, 2018). A highly cumulative culture built on multiple lasting traditions is a completely different level of culture (Clark and Hoover, 1997), and some recognize it to be an order of magnitude more complex. Such cumulative culture is meant here.
From what Diyako Rahmani (2017), a professor researching religion from Oxford, says, tons of thousands of beliefs have their pros and cons on its influence. The community within itself shows the mindsets and how healthy and toxic it can be. Some can be destructive, while others can be accepting of different opinions and views. Both religion and culture have similar stories. Many incidents are usually motivated by different views and perceptions (Pew, 2018).
These racially motivated crimes happen from “Islamic extremists waging global jihad and power struggles between Sunni and Shia Muslims in the Middle East to the persecution of Rohingya in Myanmar and outbreaks of violence between Christians and Muslims across Africa.” (Muggah et al., 2019).
According to Pappas and McKelvie (2021), the unacknowledgement many people have of culture and uses symbolic and praised and exploiting the meaning and identity behind it is called cultural appropriation and should never be done by anyone, as the disrespect given to the original culture can be a hurtful demeanor.
What we can learn during culture is the way it has come to be. Each country, each region, each religion, each culture, has its own unique history and beliefs that make it its own. We all share patterns of behaviours, beliefs, interactions, what is considered great and what is considered not with a community (DeRossi, 2003).
We can see the rich culture and historical backgrounds of each tradition and region (Pappas and McKelvie, 2021). Western culture, eastern culture, Latin culture, middle eastern, African, and much more. They all have their significant pieces of significance with long histories shaping what it is now.
Culture changes day by day as humans evolve and grow and vice versa (Henrich, 2011). ‘Cultural capacities’, ‘cultural evolution’, and ‘culture-gene coevolution’ were the three concepts used to show inheritance theory (Boyd and Richerson, 1985; Laland et al., 1995; Henrich and McElreath, 2007)
Cultural capacities adapt to culture and its evolution by psychologically evolving ideas, practices, beliefs, mentalities from others’ perspectives and views. (Rendell et al., 2011) This shows the development as humanity grows over time. Along with cultural capacities, cultural evolution shows the cognitive adaptation to help the system of genetic inheritance to rise and operate. (McElreath, 2007).
“Culture appears to have become key in our interconnected world, which is made up of so many ethnically diverse societies. but also riddled by conflicts associated with religion, ethnicity, ethical beliefs, and, essentially, the elements which make up culture, but culture is no longer fixed if it ever was. It is essentially fluid and constantly in motion," says DeRossi (2003). The most highly valued personality languages ​​deal with observances or violations of moral norms. (Hamson and et al., 1986) Of the terms given to both UK and US evaluators, the most highly rated terms are, on the one hand, honest and kind, and on the other hand, cruel, deceptive, dishonest and dishonest. This is evidence of strong verbal sanctions for fraud and atrocities in two groups of the population. The priorities given to moral content are also reflected in the priorities of value. Schwartz & Bardi (2001) found an astonishing consensus in the relative ranking of the values ​​of different population groups around the world. Benevolent values: honesty, kindness, forgiveness were at the top of the hierarchy of high values ​​with cross-cultural consensus. Characteristically, moral rules and obligations are naturally given high priority, which is reflected in strong sanctions, the ability to defeat other social rules and norms, and their applicability to all (Saucier, 2018).
This shows nothing can really define what culture is; however, we can see it change and grow with religion being one of the biggest impacts. It is believed that over time, our human ancestors have been deeply concerned about the reputation formed by the gossip trial, as bad reputations result in severe penalties that affect survival and childbirth. The resulting "reputation-based choice" has increased the degree of population self-regulation. Bullying aggression was originally a major moral crime, but fraud-based fraud was subsequently added. In fact, in almost every culture, there are virtually universal moral norms that not only prohibit forms of harm and killing, but also prohibit lies, theft and other forms of fraud (Boehm, 1942). The other pole of the moral aspect was later created: moral culture identified desirable traits: virtues and advocated generosity and other altruistic behaviour (Findlay, 1903).
If we use religion as a standpoint to show what immorality is, it closely links with the state of being immoral and having iniquity (Saucier, 2018). Society has more than thousands of cultures revolving around them, with religion being one of the most influential pillars (Alcorn, 1993).
Culture from the old civilizations Romans, Greeks, Egypt, and China all have similar morals on what evil and sinful is. Religion plays a big part in this topic as it affects what society and humanity thinks and judges (Alcorn, 1993).
When we think about culture, we think of all the immoralities and the 'sinful' things that people do. Expressing each individual's sexuality and owning up to them would be one of the biggest immoralities religion has made. According to Randy Alcorn (1993), 'the twentieth century is not the first to see society riddled with immorality' which shows how society shuns out activities and communities they find sinful or corrupted.
If we talk about philosophical concepts of rights and wrongs, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1716) says that the universe never has a wrong or right side, it all depends on our mentality, which is heavily emphasized on immorality. These activities are known to be sinful and bad in general; however, once we set aside our opinions and views, nothing is right or wrong; just our conscience choosing sides; Pyrrhonism theory (Pyrrho, 4th century BCE).
“Immorality is evil, sinful, or otherwise wrong behaviour. Immorality is often called wickedness and is a state avoided by good people.”
Once we set this view on immorality, it is a problem to give evidence on the existence of evil and sinful actions as it defies these ideas (David A., 1988). This shows whether evil is whether the world contains undesirable states of undertakings that give the premise for a contention that produces it outlandish to accept within the presence of God (Haig, 1966; McCloskey, 1960).
The importance placed on moral content may also be observed in value priorities. (Schwartz and Bardi, 2001) discovered significant agreement in the relative ranking of values among varied people from around the world. Benevolence values ranked first in a cross-cultural values hierarchy. Moral laws and responsibilities are naturally accorded a high priority, as evidenced by harsh consequences, the potential to overrule other social rules and norms, and universal application (Puke, 2012).
“The indefinite continuation of the mental, spiritual, or physical existence of individual human beings. In many philosophical and religious traditions, immortality is specifically conceived as the continued existence of an immaterial soul or mind beyond the physical death of the body.” (Schreiber, 2021). Different beliefs occur in each religion, Christians believe in how a person only gets one chance at life while Buddhism believes in reincarnation and how it is an endless cycle. This is a clear example to show the different moralities in cultures. (Tejvan, 2013, updated 2018; Accetti, 2015).
Culture and immorality have many factors that represent its meaning. Religion is a part of its functional departments in its factor of meanings. It is one of the most, if not, biggest influential things in life that shapes each and every person's mindsets and day-to-day activities [Rees, 2017]. Tons or thousands of religious beliefs have many of its pros and cons with humanity and the community itself. Some are destructive and some are accepting. Nowadays, many see religion as a practice where it tears people down and conservatives support discrimination against each other [Douglass, 2020].

Major religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam Confucianism, Christianity, Taoism, and Judaism. Each has its different aspects and believes in a higher power or what you call God(s). [Griffiths, Keirns, 2015] Just like different religions, each falls into a different category – cults, new religious groups; seet, small and new (sometimes); denominations, main large stream religions; ecclesia, political assemblies (now referred to as congregations) [Griffiths, Keins, 2015]. Many parts of a person’s life can be influenced by culture, religion, and so on.

Economy

Religious practices are rather linked to charity work and volunteering. Statistics show that people who conserve themselves in these practices are 25 percent more likely to donate and volunteer to non-governmental organizations (Brooks, 2003).

Crime and Criminal Activities

Over 57 percent of chances for children to grow up as less likely to grow up to use drugs or commit crimes (Johnson and et al., 2000). After years of research, it can be easily said that the more people involve themselves in religion, the less likely they are to abuse alcohol.

Health

In a 2002 systematic assessment of the instructional literature at the results of religion, maximum studies discovered that spiritual dedication and exercise can result in multiplied shallowness and well-being. Some, additionally, trust in the way where it enables lessen fitness risks. (Johnson, Tompkins, Webb, 2002)

Family Relationships

The exercise of faith, now no longer most effective, stabilizes marriage, however, additionally improves its high-satisfactory, religious participation; and has a tendency to foster an authoritative, warm, active, and expressive fashion of parenting. (Wilcox, 2004)
Parents who attend spiritual offerings are much ‌likely to revel in a higher courting with their kids and are much more likely to be concerned with their kid's education. Moreover, the greater an infant's spiritual involvement, the more likely each kid and discern will agree approximately the high-satisfactory in their courting, the greater the comparable their values will be, and the more their emotional closeness will be.
However, a number of the identical studies additionally suggest that spiritual variations inside households can detract from ‌discern-infant courting. However, some may be very strict with their beliefs. (Pearce and Haynie, 1572).

Education

Academic expectancies, stage of training, attained, faculty attendance, and educational overall performance are all undoubtedly laid low with non-secular practice.
In literature critiques carried out through Mark Regnerus of the University of Texas at Austin, academic attainment aspirations and math and analyzing ratings correlated undoubtedly with extra common non-secular practice.
The under graph, primarily based totally on evaluation of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, offers an image of GPA ratings throughout the U.S. for young people in grades 7-12.
Parents' non-secular practices additionally have an effect on their kids’s academic outcomes. The extra the parents' non-secular involvement, the much more likely they may have better academic expectations for his or her kids, and the much more likely they may talk with their kids about schooling.
Their kids could be much more likely to pursue superior courses, spend extra time on homework, set up friendships with academically oriented peers, keep away from reducing classes, and complete their degrees.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FmdojvvDRj9JzQFGAF7eNAK3YF8JxBkW/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=107060925069374771119&rtpof=true&sd=true

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